Joint ownership of a property, what do I need to consider?
If you are in the process of buying a house, you are undertaking what will probably be the most substantial investment in your lifetime. It is essential therefore that you should give some thought to what will happen in the future, whether you are buying as a married couple or as partners.
A “partner” relationship may be between partners of different sexes, or of the same sex, or as friends or relatives. Whatever the nature of your own partnership you need to think about this.
As a married couple you may be first time buyers as newly weds (like me – I became Mrs Lloyd on 30th July!), or you may be marrying again after previous marriages for either of you have been dissolved.
Whatever your own individual circumstances you will need to consider what may happen when your present relationship ends whether by death, separation, divorce or other cause.
This note can only give a brief indication of the problems and possible solutions. If you have any doubts as to your own position, please do not hesitate to ask us for advice. The right advice now can help to avoid problems, and possibly expensive litigation, in the future.
If you are buying property jointly there are two types of joint ownership you should consider:-
(i) “Beneficial Joint Tenants“
If you buy property on this basis it means that you will own the property in equal shares, and that on the death of either of you, the property will become the sole property of the survivor without the need for further paperwork. This is the usual basis for those buying as husband and wife and especially as first time marriages. It is possible to sever a joint tenancy at any point to become a tenancy in common.
(ii) “Tenants in Common“
If you buy on this basis it means that you own the property in specified shares (which may well still be equally) but on a sale you will each be entitled to this share in the sale proceeds after the Mortgage and all costs have been paid. In the event of the death of a joint owner the share of that partner will not pass automatically to the surviving partner but will form part of that partner’s estate and be dealt with usually by his or her Will. This is the significant difference between this and ownership as beneficial joint tenants.
Married and Non-Married Partnerships
It is not pleasant, or easy, to think about what may happen if a relationship, whether in marriage or otherwise, comes to an end by separation or divorce. It is nevertheless a sad fact that a substantial proportion of relationships do come to an end in this way, and different considerations apply in these circumstances according to whether you are married or have a different partnership.
Married Couples
On divorce or separation the Court has a wide discretion as to how it deals with property under joint ownership, and has to give priority consideration to the needs of children for a home with one or other partner. If any wishes of your own are to be taken into account they therefore have to be agreed upon by both parties at the outset and very clearly expressed.
This particularly affects second or subsequent marriages where one or other partner has contributed a major share of the purchase price of the matrimonial home, and wants to preserve this. For example, one or other partner may have put in substantial capital derived from a previous marriage which they wish to preserve for their own benefit, or for the benefit of the children of the previous marriage. Provision can be made for this when buying the property, but only if you give express instructions to do this.
Non-Married Partners
Whether your relationship has been established for a first time, or after previous relationships or marriages, the Courts do not have such a clear framework in which to operate as with married couples. The distribution of any monies arising from the sale of any property under joint ownership will therefore depend almost entirely on your own recorded intentions, which must take account of any contributions to the purchase price. If you are in this situation it is essential therefore that you give us specific instructions as to how you intend to own the property and what is to happen to your interest in this on the death of either partner or separation. These can then be recorded in the purchase deed or by a separate Trust Deed. You may also need to consider making a Will.
Contact details for Sian Lloyd can be found here